|
Middle East Studies in the News
|
Title |
Publication |
Date |
US Senators' Inquiry about Rutgers Law Center Raises Free Speech Concerns [incl. Sahar Aziz, Hatem Bazian, Joseph Massad, Marc Lamont Hill, Noura Erakat] |
NorthJersey.com |
February 27, 2024 |
Penn Violated Academic Freedom by Banning 'Israelism' Film, Middle East Studies Association Says [incl. Laurie Brand] |
The Daily Pennsylvanian |
December 5, 2023 |
Middle East Center Director Resigns as Faculty Allege Penn Admin. Violated Academic Freedom |
The Daily Pennsylvanian |
November 28, 2023 |
Petition Calling for Removal of MESAAS Professor Joseph Massad Garners over 47,000 Signatures |
The Columbia Spectator |
October 17, 2023 |
The Review: Hamline's Leadership Triples Down Against Academic Freedom |
The Chronicle of Higher Education |
September 25, 2023 |
Dumping Professor for Showing Class Muhammad Art May be 'Religious Discrimination,' Court Rules |
Just The News |
September 18, 2023 |
Minnesota Professors Begin New Year Amid Academic Freedom Debate: 'Treading on Eggshells' |
Star Tribune |
September 9, 2023 |
Experts Decry Penalizing Professor who Showed Prophet Muhammad Images |
The College Fix |
July 19, 2023 |
University Waged 'Vilification' Campaign Against Professor who Showed Students Picture of Muhammad, Report Finds |
Daily Caller |
May 22, 2023 |
Report: Adjunct who Showed Images of Prophet was 'Vilified' |
Inside Higher Ed |
May 22, 2023 |
Whitman Discusses Dispute Over Academic Freedom at Hamline University |
Whitman Wire |
February 23, 2023 |
Academic Freedom and Adjunct Instructors who Aren't so Free to Speak |
Boston Globe |
January 28, 2023 |
Hamline University Faculty Call for President's Resignation After Art History Instructor's Dismissal |
Diverse: Issues In Higher Education |
January 26, 2023 |
Continued Criticism Leads Hamline to Reconsider (Maybe) |
Inside Higher Ed |
January 17, 2023 |
Hamline University Under Fire for Art Professor's Dismissal [incl. Muqtedar Khan] |
Associated Press |
January 13, 2023 |
Academic Freedom is Not a Matter of Opinion |
The Atlantic |
January 12, 2023 |
Hamline Enters the National Spotlight — for All the Wrong Reasons |
The Oracle (Hamline University) |
January 10, 2023 |
Top Academic Group Endorsing Israel Boycott Sparks Growing Outrage, Calls for Schools to Cut Ties [incl. As'ad AbuKhalil] |
Just The News |
April 3, 2022 |
Middle East Studies Association Moves Toward Endorsing BDS Academic Boycott Against Israel |
Legal Insurrection |
December 12, 2021 |
Middle East Studies Association's Anti-Jewish BDS Backing is a Frontal Attack on Academic Freedom |
The New York Post |
December 10, 2021 |
SFSU Professor Who Idolizes Terrorist Leila Khaled Recently Won American Association of University Professors Award [incl. Rabab Abdulhadi] |
Israellycool |
September 29, 2020 |
San Francisco State University to Host Lecture by Palestinian Terrorist [incl. Rabab Abdulhadi] |
Clarion Project |
September 22, 2020 |
SFSU Invites Terrorist Hijacker for University-Sponsored Event [incl. Rabab Abdulhadi] |
Campus Reform |
September 7, 2020 |
Zooming with Terror [incl. Rabab Abdulhadi] |
Commentary |
September 2, 2020 |
The Dean of BDS? [incl. Ilana Feldman] |
The Bulwark |
June 29, 2020 |
Who's Educating the Protesters? [incl. Rabab Abdulhadi] |
Clarion Project |
June 15, 2020 |
Pro-Terror, Anti-Semitic US Professor Receives Prestigious Award [incl. Rabab Abdulhadi] |
United with Israel |
June 10, 2020 |
AAUP Names Deepa Kumar Recipient of the 2020 Marilyn Sternberg Award |
Rutgers School of Communication and Information |
May 28, 2020 |
Ex-Head of American Association of University Professors Slams Award for SFSU Professor Who Engaged in Hate Speech Against Jewish Students |
The Algemeiner |
May 28, 2020 |
Former Prof Union President Slams Own Org for 'Deplorable Honor' Given to Anti-Zionist Prof Accused of 'Harassing' Jewish Student [incl. Rabab Abdulhadi] |
Campus Reform |
May 27, 2020 |
Discrimination Can Be Rewarding [incl. Rabab Abdulhadi] |
Commentary |
May 26, 2020 |
Academic Group Honors Professor who Compared Jews to White Supremacists [incl. Rabab Abdulhadi] |
The College Fix |
May 25, 2020 |
American Association of Professors Awards Women with Anti-Israel Portfolios [incl. Rabab Abdulhadi, Deepa Kumar] |
JNS (Jewish News Syndicate) |
May 24, 2020 |
Outrage After Leading Academic Association Awards Professor who Engaged in Hate Speech Against 'Zionist' Students [incl. Rabab Abdulhadi] |
The Algemeiner |
May 24, 2020 |
These Professors Tried To Kick Me Out Of A Meeting - For Supporting Israel [incl. Judith Butler and David Palumbo-Liu] |
Forward |
January 31, 2018 |
AAUP Adds Two Institutions, Removes Two From Censure List [incl. Steven Salaita] |
Diverse: Issues in Higher Education |
June 19, 2017 |
AAUP Vote Removes University of Illinois From Censure List [incl. Steven Salaita] |
The News-Gazette |
June 17, 2017 |
Why Did CSU Fresno Cancel a Politically Controversial Search? [incl. Vida Samiian] |
Academe Blog |
June 5, 2017 |
Now, More Than Ever, Scholarly Groups Must Engage in the Political Arena |
The Chronicle of Higher Education |
March 6, 2017 |
Why the Middle East Studies Association Must Remain 'Non-Political' |
The Chronicle of Higher Education |
March 6, 2017 |
Another Anti-Israel Academic Boycott Professor Who Plays Victim [on Saree Makdisi; incl. AAUP] |
Legal Insurrection |
October 29, 2016 |
DeCal Debacle |
Inside Higher Ed |
October 7, 2016 |
US Academics Create Library of Course Syllabi for Jewish and Israel Studies |
World Jewish Congress |
September 20, 2016 |
Jewish Professors Across America Launching Anti-BDS 'University' |
Haaretz |
September 20, 2016 |
Academic Boycotts and Beyond |
Inside Higher Ed |
October 6, 2015 |
Anti-Israel BDS Movement is Fashionable in Academia, But Far From Invincible [incl. Middle East Studies Association] |
JNS.org |
January 28, 2015 |
Anthropologists From Georgetown & Johns Hopkins Join Academic Boycott of Israel |
InTheCapital |
October 6, 2014 |
Anthropologists — Including from Harvard, Georgetown — Join Academic Boycott of Israel |
The Washington Post |
October 5, 2014 |
Another Approach [on MESA] |
Inside Higher Ed |
January 14, 2014 |
List of Universities Rejecting Academic Boycott of Israel |
Legal Insurrection |
December 22, 2013 |
A Link Too Far [incl. American Association of University Professors] |
Inside Higher Ed |
April 16, 2012 |
Why Is Marc Ellis on the Outs at Baylor University? |
JTA (Jewish Telegraphic Agency) |
February 10, 2012 |
Education Department to Investigate Some of Group's Complaints of Anti-Semitism at Rutgers |
The Chronicle of Higher Education |
December 6, 2011 |
Israel and Academic Freedom [incl. American Association of University Professors] |
American Thinker |
November 13, 2011 |
The Reality of Campus Anti-Semitism |
Contentions (Blog of Commentary Magazine) |
April 22, 2011 |
Administration Will Address Ideological Exclusion [incl. Tariq Ramadan] |
American Association of University Professors News |
January 13, 2011 |
St. Louis U's Inverted Values [incl. Norman Finkelstein, AAUP] |
FrontPage Magazine |
January 29, 2010 |
Ramadan's Visa Ban Lifted |
The Guardian (U.K.) |
January 23, 2010 |
Colleges Are Urged to Defend Free Speech Against Threats of Violence [incl. Jytte Klausen] |
The Chronicle of Higher Education |
November 30, 2009 |
Duke Prints Controversial Cartoons [incl. Jytte Klausen] |
The Yale Daily News |
November 12, 2009 |
Alums Ask Yale to 'Reverse Mistake' [incl. AAUP, Middle East Studies Association] |
Yale Daily News |
October 1, 2009 |
No Win Situation [incl. Jytte Klausen] |
The Robesonian |
September 17, 2009 |
Free Speech and Academic Groups Blast Yale Officials Over Censorship of Mohammed Images |
National Coalition Against Censorship |
September 16, 2009 |
Why Did Yale Censor the Danish Cartoons? [incl. Jytte Klausen and Marcia Inhorn] |
The American Thinker |
September 15, 2009 |
Letter to Yale University Opposing Removal of Mohammed Images from Book |
National Coalition Against Censorship |
September 14, 2009 |
Yale Criticized for Removing Cartoons of Mohammed from Upcoming Book [incl. Jytte Klausen] |
On Deadline (Blog of USA Today) |
September 8, 2009 |
Muhammad And Man At Yale [incl. Jytte Klausen] |
The Washington Times |
August 31, 2009 |
Yale U. Press's Attempt to Avoid Risk Has Risks of Its Own [incl. Jytte Klausen] |
The Chronicle of Higher Education |
August 26, 2009 |
Yale and the Danish Cartoons - Revisited [incl. Jytte Klausen] |
The Boston Globe |
August 24, 2009 |
Author of 'Cartoons That Shook the World' Grudgingly Agreed With Yale Press Decision [on Jytte Klausen] |
The Ticker (Blog of The Chronicle of Higher Education) |
August 22, 2009 |
Academic Freedom: Yale Bans Book on Mohammed Cartoons [incl. Jytte Klausen] |
Arutz Sheva (IsraelNationalNews.com) |
August 20, 2009 |
University Press Caught Up In Censorship Row [incl. Jytte Klausen] |
The Great Beyond (A blog of Nature.com) |
August 19, 2009 |
Smart People, Dumb Decision [incl. Jytte Klausen] |
The Investigative Project on Terrorism |
August 18, 2009 |
Controversy Stirs Over Yale Press Decision to Remove Image Depictions of the Prophet Muhammad From Text [incl. Jytte Klausen] |
Diverse: Issues In Higher Education |
August 18, 2009 |
Academic Freedom Abridged at Yale Press [incl. Jytte Klausen] |
American Association of University Professors |
August 13, 2009 |
Closely Watched Tenure Case at Columbia U. Is Still Unsettled [on Joseph Massad; incl. Nadia Abu El-Haj, Zachary Lockman, et al.] |
After provost rejects his bid, a professor of Middle East studies awaits the verdict of a new review panel |
June 6, 2008 |
Joseph Massad: The Sequel? |
The BWOG (by the staff of The Blue and White, Columbia U. undergraduate magazine) |
June 2, 2008 |
Bernard Lewis on Middle Eastern Scholarship |
Phi Beta Cons |
May 13, 2008 |
Speech Puts President of Columbia U. Back in the Eye of a Storm [incl. Gil Anidjar, MEALAC] |
The Chronicle of Higher Education |
September 27, 2007 |
Iran Accuses American of Revolution Plot [on Haleh Esfandiari; ref. Juan Cole, MESA] |
The New York Times |
May 22, 2007 |
Letter Regarding Haleh Esfandiari (May 2007) |
American Association of University Professors |
May 21, 2007 |
Waging Peace: MESA Discusses Academic Boycott Of Israel |
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs |
March 2007 |
ACLU Asks Federal Court to Strike Down U.S. Terrorism Policy [on Tariq Ramadan] |
Associated Press |
February 23, 2007 |
U.S. Government Illegally Censoring Speech at Border, Groups Tell Court [ACLU press release on Tariq Ramadan] |
American Civil Liberties Union |
February 23, 2007 |
What the West Can Learn from Islam [Tariq Ramadan defends himself again] |
Chronicle of Higher Education |
February 16, 2007 |
Stop Telling Foreign Scholars to Stay Home [on Tariq Ramadan] |
Inside Higher Education |
February 12, 2007 |
Center for Middle Eastern Studies Rejects Partisan Groups [on MES at the Univ. of Texas] |
The Daily Texan |
January 26, 2007 |
Why I'm Banned in the U.S.A. |
The Washington Post |
October 1, 2006 |
U.S. Again Denies a Visa to Muslim Swiss Scholar Who Was Barred in 2004 |
Chronicle of Higher Education |
September 26, 2006 |
Groups Condemn State Department's Decision to Deny Visa to Oxford University Professor Who Criticized U.S. Policies |
American Civil Liberties Union |
September 25, 2006 |
A Closed Door |
TariqRamadan.com |
September 25, 2006 |
Academe in a Time of Crisis |
FrontPage Magazine |
September 14, 2006 |
War of Words Over Paper on Israel |
Inside Higher Ed |
March 27, 2006 |
The Lamentable Case of Joan Scott |
FrontPage Magazine |
February 21, 2006 |
Who does the American Association of University Professors want to chat with? |
ENGAGE |
February 1, 2006 |
American Association of University Professors blunders on boycott |
ENGAGE |
January 31, 2006 |
Pennsylvania's Historic Academic Freedom Hearings |
FrontPage Magazine |
October 28, 2005 |
Groups Decry Muslim Scholar's Visa Denial |
New York Times |
September 17, 2004 |
University should judge scholar's teachings |
Chicago Tribune |
September 5, 2004 |
Embedded Terrorist |
FrontPage Magazine |
May 14, 2003 |
Professors for Terrorist Al-Arian |
FrontPage Magazine |
February 24, 2003 |
Profs Duped by Sami Al-Arian |
MartinKramer.org |
February 21, 2003 |
|
Surveys
|
Title |
Publication |
Date |
AAUP's 1915 Declaration of Principles |
|
December 31, 1915 |
|
Campus Watch in the Media
|
Title |
Publication |
Date |
In Defense of Ilana Feldman and BDS Supporters |
Academe Blog (American Association of University Professors) |
June 22, 2020 |
Yale University Press Coddles Islamists by Censoring Material from Upcoming Publication The Cartoons that Shook the World |
The Christian Observer |
August 19, 2009 |
Yale's Surrender |
Right Side News |
August 17, 2009 |
Yale's Surrender |
FrontPage Magazine |
August 17, 2009 |
Sifting and Winnowing: The Uses and Abuses of Academic Freedom [incl. a critique of Middle East studies] |
International Studies Perspectives |
October 2007 |
Nastiness in the Ivory Tower [incl. Richard Falk, Nadia Abu El-Haj] |
Los Angeles City Beat |
September 20, 2007 |
The Workshop [on "The Study of the Middle East and Islam: Challenges after 9-11," at the Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University, May 3, 2007] |
Academe |
September-October 2007 |
Academic Freedom And Middle East Studies [on "The Study of the Middle East and Islam: Challenges after 9-11," at the Watson Institute for International Studies at Brown University, May 3, 2007] |
Academe |
September-October 2007 |
IsraelLobby Censors Academic Honesty [incl. Norman Finkelstein] |
The Badger Herald (Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison) |
September 11, 2007 |
Strategies on Academic Freedom [on "Academic Freedom and Professional Responsibility after 9/11: A Handbook for Scholars and Teachers, by Laura Bier, Ilana Feldman, et al.] |
Inside Higher Education |
January 15, 2007 |
Input or Intrusion? |
Inside Higher Education |
November 21, 2006 |
Roger Bowen, AAUP, Defends Academic Freedom |
UD Daily |
February 24, 2006 |
AAUP leader cites threats to academic freedom |
UDaily [University of Delaware] |
February 24, 2006 |
Middle East Studies Under Siege |
The Link |
January-March 2006 |
Princeton Panelists Share Cautionary Tales Of Dangers to Academic Freedom |
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (WRMEA) |
December 2005 |
Academic Freedom: David Horowitz vs. Russell Jacoby |
FrontPage Magazine |
July 29, 2005 |
Academic Freedom and National Security in a Time of Crisis |
Academe |
November- December 2003 |
American Association of University Professors: Lobby for the Left |
FrontPage Magazine |
June 4, 2003 |
Academic Freedom and National Security in Times of Crisis |
Academe |
May-June 2003 |
Academic freedom under attack |
Emory University Academic Exchange |
September 24, 2002 |
|
Campus Watch Research
|
Title |
Publication |
Date |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
December 12, 2023 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
October 22, 2023 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
September 26, 2023 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
August 7, 2023 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
June 5, 2023 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
May 22, 2023 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
March 6, 2023 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
January 30, 2023 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
January 23, 2023 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
January 16, 2023 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
April 4, 2022 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
December 14, 2021 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
October 5, 2020 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
September 8, 2020 |
MESA Defends Canceling Supporters of Israel at USC |
JNS |
September 8, 2020 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
June 29, 2020 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
June 22, 2020 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
June 15, 2020 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
June 8, 2020 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
May 31, 2020 |
Campus Watch Weekly Update |
|
May 27, 2020 |
Duke-UNC Vs. DOE: Riding a Wave of Mutual Antagonism |
The Hill |
October 16, 2019 |
Is Judith Butler the New Edward Said? |
American Thinker |
January 14, 2017 |
Erdogan's Academics: Middle East Studies Scholars Shill for a Tyrant |
The Daily Caller |
October 28, 2016 |
Turkey Blames American Scholar for Coup Attempt |
The Daily Caller |
August 30, 2016 |
Redeeming the Wayward University System |
New York Sun |
November 28, 2006 |
When "academic freedom" justifies academic terror [on the American Association of University Professors and the Mohammed Yousry case] |
American Thinker |
June 21, 2005 |
Campus Watch Attacked in AAUP Report |
Campus Watch |
November 28, 2003 |
|
Moonlighting: Non-Specialists in the News
|
Title |
Publication |
Date |
AAUP Looking Into Rosenstein's Case [incl. Steven Salaita] |
The News-Gazette |
February 1, 2018 |
Academics Tried to Force Professor Out of Meeting Over Opposition to BDS [incl. David Palumbo-Liu] |
Washington Free Beacon |
January 8, 2018 |
Scholars Accuse Duke of Publishing 'Academic Anti-Semitism' [on Jasbir Puar] |
Campus Reform |
October 31, 2017 |
Off and On the Censure List [incl. Steven Salaita] |
Inside Higher Ed |
June 19, 2017 |
A Divided AAUP Lifts Censure on U. of Illinois [on Steven G. Salaita] |
The Chronicle of Higher Education |
June 17, 2017 |
AAUP Committee: It's Time to Lift University of Illinois Censure [incl. Steven Salaita] |
Champaign/Urbana News-Gazette |
June 15, 2017 |
AAUP Officials Foresee the University of Illinois Censure Ending in June [on Steven Salaita] |
Champaign/Urbana News-Gazette |
May 6, 2017 |
AAUP May Soon End Censure of U of Illinois Over Salaita Case |
Associated Press |
May 6, 2017 |
Buck Sexton Blows Up at Professor Who Claims ISIS Isn't 'Coming After Us' [on Mia Bloom] |
The Washington Free Beacon |
July 15, 2016 |
American Association of University Professors Continues University of Illinois Censure [on Steven Salaita] |
Smile Politely - Champaign-Urbana's Online Magazine |
June 21, 2016 |
Censures for Mizzou, Saint Rose [incl. Steven Salaita] |
Inside Higher Ed |
June 20, 2016 |
AAUP Votes Down Move to Lift University of Illinois Censure |
The News-Gazette |
June 18, 2016 |
University of Illinois Seeks Another Salaita Settlement |
The News-Gazette |
March 13, 2016 |
AAUP Says Censure Over Salaita Case Could Be Removed In Spring |
The News-Gazette |
March 10, 2016 |
American Association of University Professors Abandons Educators Under Siege [incl. Steven Salaita] |
FrontPage Magazine |
November 26, 2015 |
Mystery in Firing of University Professor Unraveled [on Steven Salaita] |
Courthouse News Service |
November 19, 2015 |
Salaita, University Reach Settlement [incl. AAUP] |
The Daily Illini (student newspaper of the University of Illinois) |
November 12, 2015 |
Steven Salaita Discusses New Book, Academic Freedom |
The Daily Illini |
October 13, 2015 |
The Absurdity of Academics Boycotting Academics [on AAUP and Steven Salaita] |
The Huffington Post |
June 17, 2015 |
AAUP Recommends Censure [on Steven Salaita] |
The News-Gazette |
May 30, 2015 |
U of Illinois May Be Censured in Firing of Anti-Israel Professor [on Steven Salaita] |
Newsmax |
May 1, 2015 |
AAUP threatens University of Illinois Censure Over Salaita Controversy |
Education Dive |
April 29, 2015 |
Standing By Its Man [on Steven Salaita] |
The News-Gazette |
April 29, 2015 |
University of Illinois Wrongly Revoked Job Offer Over Israel Tweets, Professors Group Says [on Steven Salaita] |
Associated Press |
April 28, 2015 |
University of Illinois Bracing For AAUP Hit [on Steven Salaita] |
The News-Gazette |
April 28, 2015 |
AAUP Officials Release Report Stating Salaita's Rights Were Violated |
The Daily Illini (student newspaper of the University of Illinois) |
April 28, 2015 |
Censure Threat [incl. Steven Salaita] |
Inside Higher Ed |
April 28, 2015 |
Former AAUP President: 'University Likely to Face Censure' [on Steven Salaita] |
The Daily Illini (student newspaper of the University of Illinois) |
February 23, 2015 |
Professor Known For Anti-Israel Remarks Speaks At Brooklyn College; Some Critics Furious [on Steven Salaita] |
CBS New York |
November 20, 2014 |
AAUP Plans Session at University of Illinois on Academic Freedom [incl. Steven Salaita] |
The News-Gazette |
October 25, 2014 |
Faculty Meeting Brings More Airing of Grievances at University of Illinois [on Steven Salaita] |
The News-Gazette |
October 13, 2014 |
'Civility' A Divisive Issue in University of Illinois Faculty Decisions [on Steven Salaita] |
The Chicago Tribune |
August 29, 2014 |
University of Illinois Scrutinized Over Withdrawing Job Offer for Professor Who Criticized Israel on Twitter [on Steven Salaita] |
Associated Press |
August 29, 2014 |
AAUP 'Deeply Concerned' Over Salaita |
The News-Gazette |
August 29, 2014 |
The Passion of Norman Finkelstein |
FrontPage Magazine |
September 17, 2007 |
DePaul University Cancels Class Taught By Professor Critical of Israel [on Norman Finkelstein] |
Associated Press |
August 28, 2007 |
DePaul Pulls Plug on Controversial Professor [on Norman Finkelstein] |
The Chicago Tribune |
August 28, 2007 |
DePaul Rejects Finkelstein |
Inside Higher Education |
June 11, 2007 |
Academic Repression Update / A Question of Scholarship: On the Tenure Controversy of Prof. Norman G. Finkelstein |
The Advocate (CUNY Graduate Center) |
May 4, 2007 |
Furor Over Norm Finkelstein |
Inside Higher Education |
April 3, 2007 |
|
Campus Watch Blog
|
Title |
Publication |
Date |
MESA Defends Canceling Supporters of Israel at USC |
Campus Watch Blog |
September 8, 2020 |
AAUP Presents Awards to Terror Supporters |
Campus Watch Blog |
June 4, 2020 |
Duke-UNC Vs. DOE: Riding a Wave of Mutual Antagonism |
Campus Watch Blog |
October 16, 2019 |
Is Judith Butler the New Edward Said? |
Campus Watch Blog |
January 16, 2017 |
Erdogan's Academics: Middle East Studies Scholars Shill for a Tyrant |
Campus Watch Blog |
October 28, 2016 |
Turkey Blames American Scholar for Coup Attempt |
Campus Watch Blog |
August 31, 2016 |
The Political Nature of Today's Middle East Studies |
Campus Watch Blog |
August 10, 2015 |