The collective Turkish memory has clear perceptions of which nations are friends and which are foes. In Turkey, the average length of schooling is only 6.5 years, and most Turks have a minimal knowledge of history. The views of... 
Ironically, even during the Ottoman era (from early 16th century to 1912) Libya was divided into two parts: one linked to Tripoli in the west and the other linked to Benghazi in the east. Even then, the country largely resembled... 
There is no similarity between the shocking murder of George Floyd and the tragic killing of Eyad al-Hallaq. Despite the temptation to draw a comparison, the struggle of black people in the United States has nothing in common... 
The July 2015 Iranian nuclear deal, formally known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), prompted many optimists to assume that Tehran would abandon its expansionist, Islamist drive and join the community of nations... 
Issued in the midst of a sustained attempt by the Palestinian Arabs to destroy it at birth, Israel's 1948 declaration of independence urged them "to participate in the upbuilding of the state on the basis of full and equal... 
Russian president Vladimir Putin's drive into Syria and the Middle East has been astonishingly successful, but do not expect him to build a Pax Sovietica. He intensely dislikes the Bolsheviks despite having been one himself. A... 
There is probably no more understated event in the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict than the San Remo conference of April 1920. Convened for a mere week as part of the post-World War I peace conferences, which created a new... 
Regimes based in Turkey and Iran both sought to exploit and support violent protests in the US over the weekend for the killing of George Floyd by a policeman in Minneapolis. Turkey is one of the world's largest jailers of...
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