Brief Reviews

Fall 2025 Brief Reviews:
More from MEF
Israel’s Campaign Appears Designed to Degrade Iran’s Economic Resilience
Turkey Imports 90 Percent of Its Energy, Making It One of the Most Exposed Economies Among Major Emerging Markets
The U.S.-Israeli Campaign Against Iran Reached Its Five-Week Mark on Saturday, with No Clear Mechanism to End the Conflict in Sight
Alternative Routes Could Take Years to Negotiate and Construct, so the Global Energy System Remains Tied to the Strait
Invokes Social Conservatism to Attract Evangelical Supporters
Inconsistent Messaging Signals Strategic Drift, Emboldening Hardliners in Tehran Who Argue the U.S. Lacks Staying Power
Both on Policy and Intelligence Levels, the U.S. Government’s Knowledge of Iran Pales in Comparison to That of Venezuela
The Islamic Republic Has Cultivated a Criminal Network to Carry Out Terror Attacks That the West Does Nothing to Stop
Madrid Has Transitioned from a Passive Free-Rider to an Active Obstructionist