System Revision? Israel Targets Hamas Leaders in Doha

In past essays, I wrote that the American-managed order built around the Israel-Palestine Conflict functioned with a single, overriding imperative: to ensure the continuity of the management game. The logic of this system was not to resolve conflicts but to maintain a sustainable equilibrium. For decades, it thrived on calibrated and controlled violence. Flare-ups in Gaza and skirmishes on the Lebanese border were less failures than mechanisms of self-regulation—contained ruptures that revalidated brokers, refreshed alliances, and allowed the choreography of crisis management to resume.

Within this order, Qatar built its foreign policy on the systematic cultivation of ambiguity. Lacking the military weight of its larger Gulf neighbors, it turned vulnerability into leverage by positioning itself as indispensable to all parties. By funding and hosting Islamist actors such as Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood, it ensured it could not be bypassed when Washington, Jerusalem, or others needed a channel. By maintaining ties with Iran while hosting the most important U.S. air base in the region, it made itself unavoidable in any conversation about Gulf security. Through Al Jazeera, it extended this indispensability into the world of media, narrative, and radicalism, amplifying Islamist, leftist, and anti-Western voices that could then only be countered through engagement with Doha. Through its deep investment in the fiefdoms that are the American universities, it also managed to be on the good side of the new papacy.

For Washington, this duplicity was not a liability but a function of system maintenance. Qatar’s contradictions were valuable to the State Department, the intelligence community, and much of the Beltway. Qatar has eager, all too eager, fans and cheerleaders in Crystal City, Foggy Bottom, and Langley. They allowed the U.S. to outsource opposition management, keeping channels open to actors it could not formally recognize, while preserving the fiction of stability. As long as the United States required both Al-Udeid and a broker for Islamist opposition, Doha’s position was assumed secure.

Thus, Qatar’s rise was inseparable from the neoliberal order. It financialized politics through endowments to Western universities, investments in think tanks, and the purchase of visibility in sports and media. It outsourced security by inflating its small size through contradictions while taking on the outsourced tasks of opposition management and elite patronage for the West. Its influence rested on a narrative economy, with Al Jazeera functioning as both commodity and ideological export. The power Qatar amassed was, in a thoroughly neoliberal fashion, the power of the network. It was not concentrated in a single form—military or economic—but dispersed across transnational nodes and supply chains of influence. The very structure of this network allowed Doha to appear indispensable, embedding the logic of the regional order in its survival, and in doing so becoming an embodiment of liberal world management

The Israeli strike in Doha cuts directly across that logic. It is the first time a major U.S. ally has bombed another on territory so tightly bound to the American presence. However the details unfold, the fact of the strike itself demonstrates that the system of managed incoherence has reached a revision point. That President Trump almost certainly gave at least tacit approval reinforces a pattern already visible in his foreign policy: impatience with the permanent management of contradictions, and a preference for outcomes over process, even at the cost of rupture.

Today’s strike may mark the revision of a system, exposing the contradictions on which Qatar’s indispensability rested as increasingly unsustainable. Al-Udeid was meant to guarantee immunity, to shield Qatar from retaliation, and to ensure its ambiguity could continue without consequence. By striking in Doha, Israel has shown that even the presence of American military infrastructure can no longer protect Hamas leaders or the state that hosts them. What once made Qatar valuable—sheltering Islamists under the U.S. umbrella—has now become its vulnerability.

For Washington, this marks a potential shift. The management model allowed the United States to extend influence at relatively low cost, deferring the risks of decisive action. A turn toward outcomes introduces uncertainty: allies may be forced into sharper choices, and the architecture that relied on Doha’s duplicity may not be easily replaced. Yet the strike indicates that Washington is willing to accept those uncertainties. In effect, the United States is testing whether an order once sustained by contradiction can be preserved, or remade, through shock.

For Qatar, the implications are existential. Its ruling family built foreign policy on the belief that ambiguity would always be tolerated. That assumption has now been broken twice in the same year, first by Iran and now, much more drastically, by Israel. Even so, Iran’s earlier strike on American targets was symbolic, absorbed into the long-standing cycle of hostility between Washington and Tehran, and could be spun by Al Jazeera for its Islamist and leftist audiences. Israel’s action was categorically different: it tried to assassinate Qatar-protected Hamas leaders in Doha itself, puncturing Qatar’s promise of sanctuary and exposing the contradiction on which its entire role in the system depended.

Doha’s indispensability rested on two pillars: providing sanctuary for Islamist actors and serving as mediator acceptable to both radicals and the West. Both have been compromised. Hamas leaders were struck in the heart of the capital, and Qatar was unable to protect them. It is no longer clear that Doha can convene negotiations without appearing vulnerable, or that Washington will shield it from retaliation.

This forces choices Qatar has long avoided. It can move decisively toward alignment with the United States and Israel, scaling back its sponsorship of Islamists and attempting to reinvent itself as a conventional Gulf partner, alienating the networks it has built through media and educational patronage. Or it can double down, presenting itself as the victim of external violation and clinging to its Islamist ties—a path that risks isolation and exposure. Neither preserves the delicate balance that previously defined its strategy.

Speculation that Qatar may have quietly allowed the strike is implausible. Doha’s entire power has rested on the credibility of sanctuary. For Islamist actors, from Hamas to the Brotherhood, Qatar’s value lay in its guarantee of protection, and once that is compromised there is no reason for them to trust it again. Its role as mediator likewise depends on the belief that it can provide cover and confidentiality; complicity in an Israeli assassination would destroy that credibility overnight. The suspicion of betrayal would be much, much worse than the public humiliation of being bombed by Israel. The emirate has also spent decades branding itself as a secure oasis for global capital, tourism, sports, and education. To be seen as a war zone would undercut the very image it has sold to the West. Domestically, the ruling family’s legitimacy depends on projecting itself as defender of the ummah against Zionist aggression. At most, Doha may attempt to spin the strike after the fact, but even pretending to have given Israel advance approval would undermine its image and power.

The broader system is also exposed. For decades, Qatar’s role and the irresolution of the Israel–Palestine conflict were treated as permanent fixtures. They appeared to serve everyone’s interests: Doha gained leverage, the United States preserved channels, Islamists secured patronage, and Israel tolerated the arrangement so long as Hamas could be contained. October 7 shattered that premise. The scale of Hamas’s crimes crossed a threshold Israel could not accept, sparking an international effort to restrain Jerusalem and preserve the system. Yet Washington ultimately backed Israel and, in doing so, revealed the limits of managed incoherence.

What seemed like a durable equilibrium was in fact a contingent design, sustainable only so long as contradictions remained manageable. Once they became intolerable—once Hamas’s presence in Qatar was judged no longer useful—the arrangement collapsed. The same logic applies to the wider conflict. What has long been presented as insoluble but stable may, under new strategic preferences in Washington and Jerusalem, become subject to revision rather than endless maintenance. Under Trump, especially, the American role could be shifting from endless management to the pursuit of outcomes, even if those outcomes fracture the very system Washington once labored to preserve.

Published originally on September 9, 2025.